{"id":1444,"date":"2025-11-12T17:31:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T14:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1444"},"modified":"2025-11-12T17:31:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T14:31:19","slug":"r-ile-8-tanimlayici-istatistik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/r-ile-8-tanimlayici-istatistik\/","title":{"rendered":"R ile 8 Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistik"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#r-ile-tanimlayici-istatistikler-veriyi-anlamanin-bilimsel-yolu\">R ile Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistikler: Veriyi Anlaman\u0131n Bilimsel Yolu<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#giris\">Giri\u015f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\ud83c\udfaf-r-neden-tanimlayici-istatistiklerde-bu-kadar-guclu\">R Neden Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistiklerde Bu Kadar G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-ortalama-mean\">1. Ortalama (Mean)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-medyan-median\">2. Medyan (Median)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-mod-mode\">3. Mod (Mode)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-varyans-variance\">4. Varyans (Variance)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-standart-sapma-standard-deviation\">5. Standart Sapma (Standard Deviation)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-minimum-ve-maksimum\">6. Minimum ve Maksimum<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#7-ceyrek-degerler-quartiles\">7. \u00c7eyrek De\u011ferler (Quartiles)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-aykiri-deger-outlier-tespiti\">8. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 De\u011fer (Outlier) Tespiti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#dunyada-en-cok-sorulan-sorular-faq\">D\u00fcnyada En \u00c7ok Sorulan Sorular (FAQ)<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-ortalama-mi-medyan-mi-daha-guvenilir\">1. Ortalama m\u0131 medyan m\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenilir?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-rde-mod-neden-dogrudan-hesaplanmaz\">2. R\u2019de mod neden do\u011frudan hesaplanmaz?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-aykiri-degerleri-cikarmali-miyim\">3. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferleri \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131m?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-varyans-mi-standart-sapma-mi-kullanilmali\">4. Varyans m\u0131, standart sapma m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-rde-tum-tanimlayici-istatistikleri-tek-komutla-alabilir-miyim\">5. R\u2019de t\u00fcm tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistikleri tek komutla alabilir miyim?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#rda-ozetleme-icin-faydali-paketler\">R\u2019da \u00d6zetleme i\u00e7in Faydal\u0131 Paketler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"r-ile-tanimlayici-istatistikler-veriyi-anlamanin-bilimsel-yolu\"><strong>R ile Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistikler: Veriyi Anlaman\u0131n Bilimsel Yolu<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"giris\"><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>R ile 8 Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistik. Veri analizi, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kalbidir. Ancak ham veri, anlam ifade etmez; onu bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zetlememiz gerekir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada <strong>tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistikler (descriptive statistics)<\/strong> devreye girer. Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistikler, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 birka\u00e7 say\u0131sal \u00f6zet ile anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirir. Ortalama, medyan, mod, varyans ve standart sapma gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler, verinin temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\ud83c\udfaf-r-neden-tanimlayici-istatistiklerde-bu-kadar-guclu\"><strong>R Neden Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistiklerde Bu Kadar G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>R, istatistiksel analizler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir dildir. K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinin zenginli\u011fi, fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z ve do\u011frulu\u011fu sayesinde, akademiden end\u00fcstriye kadar binlerce veri bilimci taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u2019nin avantajlar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veriyi kolay \u00f6zetleme (<code>summary()<\/code>, <code>mean()<\/code>, <code>sd()<\/code> vb.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme (boxplot, histogram)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130leri istatistiksel testlerle entegrasyon (ANOVA, regresyon, korelasyon)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Otomatik eksik veri y\u00f6netimi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-ortalama-mean\"><strong>1. Ortalama (Mean)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ortalama, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin merkezi e\u011filimini g\u00f6steren en yayg\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. Verilerin toplam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlem say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Form\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"162\" height=\"95\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1445\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>veri &lt;- c(10, 12, 14, 15, 20, 22)\nmean(veri)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 15.5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu veri k\u00fcmesinde ortalama de\u011fer 15.5\u2019tir. Ancak unutmay\u0131n: <strong>a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011ferler<\/strong> (ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferler) ortalamay\u0131 ciddi bi\u00e7imde etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-medyan-median\"><strong>2. Medyan (Median)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Medyan, s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f verinin ortas\u0131ndaki de\u011ferdir.<br>Veri da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 dengesizse, medyan ortalamadan daha g\u00fcvenilir bir merkezi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>veri2 &lt;- c(10, 11, 12, 100)\nmedian(veri2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 11.5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu veri k\u00fcmesinde <strong>100<\/strong> gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer ortalamay\u0131 bozar, ancak medyan (11.5) da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n merkezini daha iyi temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-mod-mode\"><strong>3. Mod (Mode)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Mod, bir veri setinde en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen de\u011ferdir.<br>R dilinde mod i\u00e7in do\u011frudan bir fonksiyon yoktur, ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde hesaplanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mode_hesapla &lt;- function(x) {\n  uniqx &lt;- unique(x)\n  uniqx&#91;which.max(tabulate(match(x, uniqx)))]\n}\nveri3 &lt;- c(10, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 15)\nmode_hesapla(veri3)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 13<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu veri setinde <strong>13<\/strong> en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen de\u011ferdir, yani mod 13\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-varyans-variance\"><strong>4. Varyans (Variance)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Varyans, verilerin ortalamadan ne kadar sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er.<br>Birim kare cinsindendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Form\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"97\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1446\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>veri4 &lt;- c(8, 10, 12, 14, 16)\nvar(veri4)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Varyans ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, veri o kadar da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak yorumlamak zor oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in genelde <strong>standart sapma<\/strong> kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-standart-sapma-standard-deviation\"><strong>5. Standart Sapma (Standard Deviation)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Varyans\u0131n karek\u00f6k\u00fcd\u00fcr.<br>Verinin ortalama etraf\u0131ndaki yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sd(veri4)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 3.162278<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu de\u011fer, ortalamadan ortalama uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.16 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Standart sapma k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, veri daha homojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-minimum-ve-maksimum\"><strong>6. Minimum ve Maksimum<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Veri k\u00fcmesinin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (min) ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck (max) de\u011ferleri, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>min(veri4)\nmax(veri4)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 8\n&#91;1] 16<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu veri k\u00fcmesinde g\u00f6zlemler 8 ile 16 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-ceyrek-degerler-quartiles\"><strong>7. \u00c7eyrek De\u011ferler (Quartiles)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7eyrek de\u011ferler, veriyi d\u00f6rt e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6ler.<br>\u00d6zellikle veri da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>quantile(veri4)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  0%  25%  50%  75% 100% \n  8   10   12   14   16\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yorum:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>25% \u00e7eyre\u011fi (Q1): 10<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>50% \u00e7eyre\u011fi (medyan): 12<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>75% \u00e7eyre\u011fi (Q3): 14<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Verinin yar\u0131s\u0131 10 ile 14 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-aykiri-deger-outlier-tespiti\"><strong>8. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 De\u011fer (Outlier) Tespiti<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferler, verinin genel e\u011filimini bozabilir.<br>R\u2019da ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferleri <strong>boxplot<\/strong> veya <strong>IQR y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong> ile bulabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">veri5 &lt;- c(10, 12, 13, 14, 100)<br>boxplot(veri5)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>R grafikte <strong>100<\/strong> de\u011ferini ayk\u0131r\u0131 (nokta olarak) g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatif olarak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Q1 &lt;- quantile(veri5, 0.25)\nQ3 &lt;- quantile(veri5, 0.75)\nIQR &lt;- Q3 - Q1\nalt_sinir &lt;- Q1 - 1.5 * IQR\nust_sinir &lt;- Q3 + 1.5 * IQR\nveri5&#91;veri5 &lt; alt_sinir | veri5 > ust_sinir]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;1] 100\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>100 de\u011feri, veri da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n genel yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re <strong>ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fer<\/strong> olarak tespit edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dunyada-en-cok-sorulan-sorular-faq\"><strong>D\u00fcnyada En \u00c7ok Sorulan Sorular (FAQ)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-ortalama-mi-medyan-mi-daha-guvenilir\">1. Ortalama m\u0131 medyan m\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenilir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fer veri <strong>simetrik<\/strong> da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ortalama, <strong>\u00e7arp\u0131k<\/strong> da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa medyan daha g\u00fcvenilirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-rde-mod-neden-dogrudan-hesaplanmaz\">2. R\u2019de mod neden do\u011frudan hesaplanmaz?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc R daha \u00e7ok istatistiksel analiz odakl\u0131d\u0131r; mod kategorik verilerde daha \u00e7ok kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in elle fonksiyon tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-aykiri-degerleri-cikarmali-miyim\">3. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferleri \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Her zaman de\u011fil.<br>Ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fer hatal\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmse \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r,<br>ama ger\u00e7ek bir g\u00f6zlemse analiz i\u00e7inde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-varyans-mi-standart-sapma-mi-kullanilmali\">4. Varyans m\u0131, standart sapma m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Varyans yorumlamak i\u00e7in zordur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birim kare cinsindedir.<br>Bu nedenle genelde <strong>standart sapma<\/strong> tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-rde-tum-tanimlayici-istatistikleri-tek-komutla-alabilir-miyim\">5. R\u2019de t\u00fcm tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistikleri tek komutla alabilir miyim?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Evet!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">summary(veri)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>komutu ile minimum, maksimum, medyan, \u00e7eyrekler ve ortalama de\u011ferleri tek sat\u0131rda \u00f6zetleyebilirsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"r-ile-pratik-bir-mini-ornek\">R ile Pratik Bir Mini \u00d6rnek:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>data &lt;- c(45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 200)\n\nmean(data)       # Ortalama\nmedian(data)     # Medyan\nvar(data)        # Varyans\nsd(data)         # Standart sapma\nquantile(data)   # \u00c7eyrek de\u011ferler\nboxplot(data)    # Ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fer g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmesi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yorum:<\/strong><br>200 de\u011feri verinin geneline g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir ve boxplot grafi\u011finde <strong>ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fer<\/strong> olarak belirir. Ortalama 80.7 \u00e7\u0131karken, medyan 60\u2019t\u0131r. Bu fark, <strong>da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011fa \u00e7arp\u0131k oldu\u011funu<\/strong> g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rda-ozetleme-icin-faydali-paketler\"><strong>R\u2019da \u00d6zetleme i\u00e7in Faydal\u0131 Paketler<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Paket<\/th><th>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>dplyr<\/strong><\/td><td>Veri manip\u00fclasyonu ve \u00f6zetleme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>psych<\/strong><\/td><td>Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistik fonksiyonlar\u0131 (<code>describe()<\/code>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>summarytools<\/strong><\/td><td>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 tablo \u00f6zetleri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Hmisc<\/strong><\/td><td>Eksik veri y\u00f6netimi + \u00f6zet istatistikler<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>library(psych)\ndescribe(veri)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistikler, verinin dilini anlaman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Ortalama, medyan ve mod bize merkez hakk\u0131nda bilgi verirken; varyans, standart sapma ve \u00e7eyrekler verinin nas\u0131l yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. R programlama dili, bu i\u015flemleri saniyeler i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek analistin veriyi \u201cokumas\u0131n\u0131\u201d kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fer R Program\u0131n\u0131 indirmek isterseniz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z : R: The R Project for Statistical Computing<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fer R Studio Program\u0131n\u0131 indirmek isterseniz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z:<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RStudio Desktop \u2013 Posit<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fitimlerimize kat\u0131larak bu ve di\u011fer projeleri uygulamal\u0131 olarak \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz. E\u011fitimlerimize ve di\u011fer bilgilere&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/\">buradaki linkten<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/\">https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/<\/a>) ula\u015fabilirsiniz. Detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen bizlere 0553 377 29 28 numaral\u0131 telefondan ya da info@facadium.com.tr mail adresinden ula\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R ile Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistikler: Veriyi Anlaman\u0131n Bilimsel Yolu Giri\u015f R ile 8 Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0130statistik. Veri analizi, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kalbidir. Ancak ham veri, anlam ifade etmez; [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istatistik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1444"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1450,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions\/1450"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}