{"id":1428,"date":"2025-11-10T15:52:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T12:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1428"},"modified":"2025-11-10T15:52:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T12:52:38","slug":"veri-analizinde-8-temel-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/veri-analizinde-8-temel-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"Veri Analizinde 8 Temel Konu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#istatistikte-temel-konular\">Veri Analizinde 8 Temel Konu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-frekans\">1. Frekans<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-aciklik\">2. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-mod\">3. Mod<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-medyan\">4. Medyan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-ceyreklerarasi-aciklik-iqr\">5. \u00c7eyrekleraras\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (IQR)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-mean-aritmetik-ortalama\">6. Mean (Aritmetik Ortalama)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#7-varyans\">7. Varyans<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-standart-sapma\">8. Standart Sapma<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"istatistikte-temel-konular\">Veri Analizinde 8 Temel Konu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130statistikte verileri anlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel kavramlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <em>Aritmetik ortalama (mean)<\/em> verilerin genel seviyesini g\u00f6sterirken, <em>mod<\/em> en \u00e7ok tekrar eden de\u011feri ifade eder. <em>Medyan<\/em> ise s\u0131ral\u0131 verilerin ortas\u0131ndaki de\u011ferdir ve u\u00e7 de\u011ferlerden etkilenmez. <em>Frekans<\/em>, her bir de\u011ferin ka\u00e7 kez g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klar. <em>A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k<\/em>, en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fer aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. <em>Varyans<\/em> ve <em>standart sapma<\/em>, verilerin ortalamadan ne kadar uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7erek da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. <em>\u00c7eyrekleraras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (IQR)<\/em> ise verilerin orta b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki yay\u0131lmay\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Bu kavramlar birlikte veri analizinin temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/istatistikte-temel-konular.webp\" alt=\"Veri Analizinde 8 Temel Konu\" class=\"wp-image-1429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/istatistikte-temel-konular.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/istatistikte-temel-konular-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Veri Analizinde 8 Temel Konu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-frekans\"><strong>1<\/strong><strong>. Frekans<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Frekans, bir de\u011ferin veri grubunda ka\u00e7 kez tekrar etti\u011fini ifade eder. Bir \u015feye \u201cne kadar s\u0131k rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131\u201d g\u00f6sterir. Frekans tablolar\u0131, verileri d\u00fczenli ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir s\u0131n\u0131fta sevilen meyve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olsun: Elma (8 ki\u015fi), Muz (5 ki\u015fi), Portakal (3 ki\u015fi). Burada elman\u0131n frekans\u0131 8\u2019dir. Frekans; say\u0131mlar, anketler, istatistik ve veri analizinde s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-aciklik\"><strong>2<\/strong><strong>. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, bir veri grubundaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fer aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. Verilerin ne kadar geni\u015f bir aral\u0131kta da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e veriler daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e birbirine yak\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir spor tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n boylar\u0131 160, 170, 175, 165, 180 ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer 180, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fer 160\u2019t\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k = 180 \u2013 160 = 20 cm olur. Bu de\u011fer da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini \u00f6zetler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-mod\"><strong>3<\/strong><strong>. Mod<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mod, bir veri grubunda en \u00e7ok tekrar eden de\u011ferdir. Yani bir veri setinde hangi say\u0131 en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa o moddur. Mod \u00f6zellikle anket, sat\u0131\u015f ve se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir marketin bir g\u00fcnde satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekmek say\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olsun: 5, 7, 5, 6, 5, 8. Bu durumda mod 5\u2019tir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en \u00e7ok 5 ekmek sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mod, \u201cen pop\u00fcler\u201d veya &#8220;en s\u0131k tekrar eden&#8221; de\u011feri g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-medyan\"><strong>4<\/strong><strong>. Medyan<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Medyan, s\u0131ral\u0131 bir veri setinin tam ortas\u0131nda yer alan de\u011ferdir. Verileri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckten b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe dizeriz ve ortadaki say\u0131 medyand\u0131r. Medyan, u\u00e7 de\u011ferlerden etkilenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in genellikle daha g\u00fcvenilir bir ortalama t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin say\u0131lar 3, 5, 7, 10, 20 olsun. S\u0131ral\u0131 veri zaten bu \u015fekilde ve ortadaki say\u0131 7\u2019dir. Bu y\u00fczden bu veri setinin medyan\u0131 7\u2019dir. Medyan, \u00f6zellikle gelir ve fiyat analizlerinde \u00e7ok kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-ceyreklerarasi-aciklik-iqr\"><strong>5<\/strong><strong>. \u00c7eyrekleraras\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (IQR)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7eyrekleraras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, verilerin orta k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Veri d\u00f6rde b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr: alt \u00e7eyrek (Q1), medyan (Q2) ve \u00fcst \u00e7eyrek (Q3). IQR = Q3 \u2013 Q1 \u015feklinde hesaplan\u0131r. U\u00e7 de\u011ferlere kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin veriler 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12 olsun. Q1 = 4, Q3 = 10\u2019dur. IQR = 10 \u2013 4 = 6 olur. Bu de\u011fer, orta k\u0131sm\u0131n ne kadar geni\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-mean-aritmetik-ortalama\"><strong>6<\/strong><strong>. Mean (Aritmetik Ortalama)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mean yani aritmetik ortalama, t\u00fcm de\u011ferlerin toplam\u0131n\u0131n veri say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle bulunur. G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan merkezi e\u011filim \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir ki\u015finin haftal\u0131k ad\u0131m say\u0131lar\u0131 6000, 7000, 6500, 8000, 9000 ise ortalama = (6000+7000+6500+8000+9000) \/ 5 = 7300 ad\u0131m olur. Ortalama, genel e\u011filimi k\u0131sa ve net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermesi nedeniyle yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-varyans\"><strong>7<\/strong><strong>. Varyans<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Varyans, standart sapman\u0131n kareli halidir ve verilerin ortalamadan ne kadar uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 matematiksel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7er. Standart sapman\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. Y\u00fcksek varyans verilerin \u00e7ok da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k oldu\u011funu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck varyans ise birbirine yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin notlar 60, 62, 61 ise varyans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; 40, 80, 95 olsa varyans y\u00fcksektir. Varyans, veri analizi ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan bir yay\u0131lma \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-standart-sapma\"><strong>8<\/strong><strong>. Standart Sapma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Standart sapma, bir veri grubundaki de\u011ferlerin ortalamadan ne kadar uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. E\u011fer standart sapma k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, veriler birbirine yak\u0131nd\u0131r; b\u00fcy\u00fckse veriler daha da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir s\u0131n\u0131fta \u00f6\u011frencilerin s\u0131nav notlar\u0131 70, 72, 71, 69, 70 ise standart sapma k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc herkes benzer notlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama notlar 40, 70, 95, 30, 100 olsayd\u0131 standart sapma b\u00fcy\u00fck olurdu. Standart sapma, verilerin \u201cne kadar de\u011fi\u015fken\u201d oldu\u011funu anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Standart sapma, ortalaman\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fini do\u011frular, tamamlar ve derinle\u015ftirir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fer R Program\u0131n\u0131 indirmek isterseniz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z : R: The R Project for Statistical Computing<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fer R Studio Program\u0131n\u0131 indirmek isterseniz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z:<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RStudio Desktop \u2013 Posit<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/posit.co\/download\/rstudio-desktop\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fitimlerimize kat\u0131larak bu ve di\u011fer projeleri uygulamal\u0131 olarak \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz. E\u011fitimlerimize ve di\u011fer bilgilere&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/\">buradaki linkten<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/\">https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/<\/a>) ula\u015fabilirsiniz. Detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen bizlere 0553 377 29 28 numaral\u0131 telefondan ya da info@facadium.com.tr mail adresinden ula\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Veri Analizinde 8 Temel Konu \u0130statistikte verileri anlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel kavramlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Aritmetik ortalama (mean) verilerin genel seviyesini g\u00f6sterirken, mod en \u00e7ok tekrar eden [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1429,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[228,233,227,231,188,232,229,194,235,220,218,234],"class_list":["post-1428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istatistik","tag-aciklik","tag-aritmetik-ortalama","tag-frekans","tag-iqr","tag-istatistik","tag-mean","tag-medyan","tag-mod","tag-standart-sapma","tag-standart-sapma-nasil-hesaplanir","tag-standart-sapma-nedir","tag-varyans"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1428"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1432,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1428\/revisions\/1432"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facadium.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}